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Serenus Sammonicus
Quintus Sammonicus Serenus (died 212) was a Roman savant and tutor to Geta and Caracalla who became fatally involved in politics; he was also author of a didactic medical poem, ''Liber Medicinalis''〔Vollmer, Friedrich, ''Quinti Sereni Liber Medicinalis'' Leipzig, Teubner, 1916.〕 (also known as ''De medicina praecepta saluberrima''), probably incomplete in the extant form, as well as many lost works. He was "a typical man of letters in an Age of Archaism〔For the antiquarianism, see R. Marache, ''La critique littéraire de langue latine et le développement du goût archaïsant au IIe siècle de notre ère'' (1951).〕 and a worthy successor to Fronto and Aulus Gellius, one whose social rank and position is intimately bound up with the prevailing passion for grammar and a mastery of ancient lore".〔Edward Champlin, "Serenus Sammonicus" ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'' 85 (1981:189-212) p. 193.〕 According to Macrobius, who plundered his work for his ''Saturnalia'', he was "the learned man of his age".〔"''vir saeculo suo doctus"''. quoted by Edward Champlin 1981, p. 189.〕 Servius and Arnobius〔Arnobius repeats the derivation of the placename ''Capitolium'' from an ancient tomb there of one Olus Vulcentanus, of whom the head was recovered, as ''Caput Oli'' (noted by Champlin 1981:193, who remarks, p. 194, "One other characteristic distinguishes Serenus Sammonicus: he is exceptionally silly.").〕 both employed his erudition to their own ends.〔Champlin 1981:289.〕He possessed a library of 60,000 volumes.〔A son, to whom he bequeathed his library, who then gave it to Gordian II, has been demonstrated to be one of many imaginary creations of the ''Historia Augusta'', by Sir Ronald Syme, ''Emperors and Biography: Studies in the Historia Augusta.'' (Oxford, 1971:10, 184).〕
His most quoted work was ''Res reconditae'', in at least five books, of which fragments only are preserved in quotations. The surviving work, ''De medicina praecepta'', in 1115 hexameters, contains a number of popular remedies, borrowed from Pliny and Dioscorides, and various magic formulae, amongst others the famous Abracadabra, as a cure for fever and ague. It concludes with a description of the famous antidote of Mithradates VI of Pontus.
It was much used in the Middle Ages, and is of value for the ancient history of popular medicine. The syntax and metre are remarkably correct. According to the unreliable ''Historia Augusta''〔"A source which immediately engenders caution in the reader," as Champlin remarks.〕 he was a famous physician and polymath, who was put to death with other friends of Geta in December 212, at a banquet to which he had been invited by Caracalla shortly after the assassination of his brother.〔Champlin 1981:289.〕
The first printed edition of ''De medicina praecepta'' was edited by Johannes Sulpitius Verulanus, before 1484.〔Further editions include that by J.G. Ackermann (Leipzig, 1786), and E. Behrens, in ''Poetae Latini minores'', iii.〕
== Notes ==
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